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逻辑连接词 逻辑连接词 逻辑关系 连词作用 介词作用 副词作用 原因 becausesinceforas because ofdue toowning toon account ofas a result ofby reason ofthanks toon the grounds ofby virtue ofgiven that 结果 so thereforetherebythushenceas a resultas a consequenceconsequentlyaccordingly 转折 butwhileyetwhereas howevernonethelessneverthelessstill 对比 whilewhereas on the contrastby contrast 并列 andbotheitherneitheras well asnot only … but also 递进 Apart frombesides moreoverfurthermorein additionadditionallybesidesal ...

Conversation Topic Structure Lecture Topic Structure Question Type Summary Details Inference Purpose ConversationTopicConversation一般发生于学生和教授之间，或校园设施之中。 根据Vince的统计来看，Conversation的主题有以下几种： Academic Assignment 30% Research 10% Course 5% Campus Life Library 15% Club activities 15% Job 10% Others 15% Conversation的第一句话会指明发生的地点，继而区分以上主题： Listen to the conversation between the student and the professor/adviosr. Listen to the conversation between the student and the librarian/building mana ...

本专栏的范例除了自己的答案，其他来源于《吴奇老师的托福口语秀》和KIMI AI。该题为什么被称为独立口语题？因为这是托福口语考试中唯一一道不需要你听或者读任何材料，只需要表达自己观点的题目。 题型该题有两种题型： Do you agree of disagree with the following statement?… Some people … and other people … . Which do you think better/ do you prefer? 然后都会加一句：Use details and examples to explain your opinion. 时间15s准备，45s作答。 结构1最多回答两个原因并且进行解释，否则不能具体。如果选择只说一个原因，那么： 表达观点（5-10s）：Honestly, I think … is better/ I prefer …/ I agree (with the statement) that … 说原因（5s） 给解释（20-30s） 结尾：Therefore, I agree with the ...

本篇笔记来源于小红书不爱酸苦辣。 题目 Reading: School’s Announcement; Students’ Proposal. Conversation between a man and a woman: Agree; Disagree. Speaking: The woman expresses her opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal, Then state her opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. Brief Summary; State the Opinion; Explain Reasons.时间 Reading: 45s; Conversation: ~90s; Preparing: 30s; Speaking: 60s. Summary: ~15s; State: &l ...

本篇笔记来源于小红书不爱酸苦辣。 题目 Reading: Article of a concept including definition and explanation. Lecture: An illustration with example of the concept. Speaking: Explain the concept of overclaiming and how the professor’s example illustrates it. Concept definition; Lecture illustration; Lecture example.时间 Reading: 45s; Lecture: ~90s; Preparing: 30s; Speaking: 60s. Definition: ~15s; Illustration: ~10s; Example: ~35s. NoteReading: 重点看标题的概念信息，并且迅速定位文中的定义句； 把定位句抄下来； 适当记忆其他的解释。 Overclaiming People ge ...

本篇笔记来源于小红书不爱酸苦辣。 题目 Lecture: Usually 2 [aspects] of a topic. First [explanation1] with [example1] Second [explanation2] with [example2] The aspect is usuallly about: advantages changes ways features strategies Speaking: Using the professor’s points and examples, summarize the lecture about [aspect]. Summary; Aspect 1 with example 1; Aspect 2 with example 2;时间 Lecture: 120~150s; Preparing: 20s; Speaking: 60s. Summary: ~10s; Aspect 1: ~25s; Aspect 2: ~25s. NoteListening: 前20~30s不需要记笔 ...

Structure Question type Factual Infromation 事实信息题 Factual Infromation - Not true / Except 否定事实信息题 Vocabulary 词汇题 Inference 推理题 Purpose 目的题 Pronoun Referral 指代题 Simplification 句子简化题 Cohesion 句子插入题 Summary 总结主旨题 Sample 忠告：除了时间不够或者题目过难有歧义，不要使用排除法。应当在选择正确答案的过程中排除。如果遇到了2选1的情况，一定是有细节上的错误，或者结构上的问题。 Structure其实和听力很类似，阅读的结构大概分为以下几种： Explanation; Contrast; Paralell Classification; Problems and solutions. 具体的结构并不重要，但是结构可以指导我们阅读文章。对于一篇新的文章： 首先应该看文章的标题，找到文章的对象； 然后看第一段，了解文章的主题； 接着看中间部分的主旨句，了解文章的结构； 而最后 ...

TPO 真题 2024年8月 2024年7月 2024年6月 2024年5月 2024年4月 2024年3月 2024年2月 2024年1月TPOTPO 1 Some people believe that television has had a positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples to explain your opinion. Television has both positive and negative impacts on society, but I lean towards the positive side. Firstly, television is a powerful educational tool. For instance, educational programs like “Se ...

主要分为热学部分和统计物理部分。参考教材为汪志诚的《热力学·统计物理》。 热力学统计物理Content热力学 热力学基本规律 热力学基本方程 热力学关系记忆手册 基本数学知识 单元系的相变 多元系的复相平衡和化学平衡 统计物理 近独立粒子的最概然分布 玻尔兹曼统计 玻色统计和费米统计 系综理论

s=1/2自旋 磁场中自旋的演化 拉莫尔进动 拉比振荡 Stern-Gerlach 实验发现过去的三个量子数并不能完全的描述氢原子的状态，促使物理学家引入了新的物理量——自旋角动量。 自旋依赖于粒子的种类。由于自旋角动量也是角动量，其取值满足角动量的规则。其中半整数$s=\frac12,\frac32,\cdots$的粒子为费米子，整数$s=0,1,\cdots$的粒子为玻色子。 承接之前角动量一节的内容，这里给出$\hat{S_\pm}$的矩阵表示： $s=0$，$\hat{S_\pm}=0$； $s=\frac12$，$\hat{S_+}=\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\0&0\end{pmatrix}\hbar$，$\hat{S_-}=\begin{pmatrix}0&0\\1&0\end{pmatrix}\hbar$； $s=1$，$\hat{S_+}=\begin{pmatrix}0&\sqrt{2}&0\\0&0&\sqrt{2}\\0&0&0\end{pmatrix}\hba ...